Open1031 | Flow Maps

Improvement / Construction Exchange

8 steps Rev. Proc. 2000-37 QEAA Value-in-place by Day 180

Build-to-suit variant of reverse parking — an EAT (SPE-LLC) holds title while improvements are constructed with exchange funds. Value must be in place before the 180-day deadline, not merely title transferred. Deadline anchor: EAT deed recorded (eat-parking-arrangement-setup).

Open1031 / Architecture / Flow Maps / Improvement / Construction
EAT
EAT Setup
Pre-Day 0
BUY
Purchase into EAT
Day 0 — Anchor
QEAA
Sign QEAA
≤5 biz days
DRAW
Construction Draws
Day 0–180
ID
Identify Relinquished
≤45 days
SELL
Sell Relinquished
Day 0–180
OUT
EAT Transfer-Out
≤180 days
IRS
Form 8824
Post-transfer
Reverse/EAT (indigo)
Purchase / Construction (purple — NO 8th color)
ID (blue — identifies RELINQUISHED, not replacement)
Sales (green)
Disbursement / EAT Transfer-Out (orange)
IRS (teal)
Active step (synthetic: Construction Draw phase)
5-Business-Day QEAA
3 biz days left
Anchor: eat-parking-arrangement-setup
Warning Business days only
ONLY business-day clock in the system — a naive calendar timer fires 2 days early across a weekend.
45-Day Relinquished ID
31 days left
Anchor: eat-parking-arrangement-setup
Safe
Identifies the relinquished property — bodyVariant identify-relinquished (inverse of forward exchange ID).
180-Day Parking + Value-in-Place
166 days left
Anchor: eat-parking-arrangement-setup
Safe Value predicate
Not merely "title transferred by Day 180" — improved value must be in place. Guard uses cumulative-completed-value predicate.
Correctness Traps — Improvement Exchange
  • Trap 1 — 5-Day QEAA is BUSINESS days: The only business-day clock in the system. A naive calendar-day timer fires 2 days early over a weekend. reverse-qeaa-5day-watcher must use a business-day schedule, not a simple 5-day interval.
  • Trap 2 — ID hub identifies the RELINQUISHED property: Inverse of forward exchange. bodyVariant identify-relinquished is required, or the Identification Notice document names the wrong property and fails IRS requirements.
  • Trap 3 — 180-day guard is a VALUE predicate, not just a date check: Money spent after Day 180 does NOT count toward exchange value. The 180-day guard needs a cumulative-completed-value predicate alongside the calendar check — "improvements complete" AND "by Day 180."
  • Trap 4 — No 8th hub color for Construction: Construction reuses purchase purple or disburse orange. Never introduce a new hub color; use the section-card--accent-purchase modifier.

Vectr Automation Map — 9 Workflows, 8 Steps

9 workflows

Every step is executed by a named Vectr workflow triggered by an event, never by manual staff action. Synthetic exchange data: Matt Belcher · 456 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles CA · $850,000 relinquished · $1,100,000 replacement + $200,000 improvements.

Pre-Day 0

Step 1 — EAT Entity Formation

Your QI forms (or arranges) the single-purpose EAT, an SPE-LLC acting as Exchange Accommodation Titleholder. The EAT has its own bank account and deed capacity. Exchanger cannot be the EAT — structural firewall against constructive receipt. The formation request is opened automatically on exchange creation of type improvement/reverse.

eat-entity-formation Deterministic Document-Generating Approval-Gated (QI sign)
Documents generated: SPE-LLC articles of org · EAT escrow account opening docs · EAT operating agreement
Day 0 — DEADLINE ANCHOR

Step 2 — Replacement Acquired into EAT (Deed Recorded)

EAT (SPE-LLC) closes on the replacement property. Title records in the EAT's name. This deed-recorded event fires eat-parking-arrangement-setup, which arms all three statutory clocks simultaneously: 5-biz-day QEAA, 45-day relinquished ID, and 180-day parking max. Exchange: 456 Sunset Blvd → 812 Pacific Coast Hwy (to be improved) · $1,100,000 acquisition.

eat-parking-arrangement-setup Starts 3 deadline timers Parking arrangement record
Deadline anchor event: eat-deed-recorded webhook → reverse-qeaa-5day-watcher (T+0) + reverse-45day-relinquished-id-watcher (T+0) + one-eighty-day-deadline-guard (T+0)
Day 0–5 (biz days)

Step 3 — Sign QEAA Agreement

3 biz days remaining

Qualified Exchange Accommodation Agreement signed within 5 business days of EAT deed recording. Both exchanger and QI must sign via DocuSign. This is the only business-day clock in the system — naive calendar timers fire early over weekends.

Business-day trap: Day 5 falls on a Saturday → actual deadline is the following Monday. reverse-qeaa-5day-watcher uses a business-day schedule to skip Saturday/Sunday, not a raw 5-day interval.
eat-agreement-generate reverse-qeaa-5day-watcher Business days only QEAA Agreement + EAT loan docs Exchanger + QI e-sign
Reminders: Day 3 (biz) alert to exchanger · Day 5 (biz) escalation to QI officer if unsigned → exchange blocked
Day 0–180 (ongoing)

Step 4 — Construction / Improvement Draws

Unique to Improvement Exchange

Exchange funds are disbursed from QI escrow to contractors via a draw schedule. Each draw is a multi-party-gated escrow-wire-release workflow step. The EAT holds title to the property-under-improvement while draws occur. Reuses purchase purple — no new hub color.

Total authorized: $200,000 Disbursed: $85,000 (42.5%) Remaining: $115,000
Draw 1 — Foundation + framing
$35,000 paid
Paid
Draw 2 — Roofing + windows
$50,000 paid
Paid
Draw 3 — Electrical + HVAC
$55,000 pending approval
Pending
Draw 4 — Interior finish
$60,000 locked
Locked
Value-in-Place Constraint (180-day predicate):
Money spent after Day 180 does NOT count toward exchange value. Draws released after the deadline are taxable. The one-eighty-day-deadline-guard tracks cumulative_completed_value alongside the calendar date — improvements must be substantially completed and value in place, not merely contracted.
escrow-wire-release one-eighty-day-deadline-guard Value predicate Multi-party draw approval 180-day + value watcher
180-day guard predicate: deadline_date < NOW AND cumulative_completed_value < exchange_value → block transfer-out and alert QI. Day 150 warning · Day 170 warning · Day 179 hard block if value not certified.
Day 0–45

Step 5 — Identify Relinquished Property

31 days remaining

Exchanger must identify the relinquished property within 45 calendar days. This is the inverse of a forward exchange — the ID hub uses bodyVariant identify-relinquished. The property being sold is 456 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles CA (the exchanger's existing property). Generates a Relinquished Property Identification Notice, not a Replacement Property Notice.

Identification trap: bodyVariant must be identify-relinquished — if the forward bodyVariant is used, the system generates a Replacement Property Identification Notice naming the property already held by the EAT. That document fails IRS requirements because it identifies the wrong property direction for a reverse exchange.
reverse-45day-relinquished-id-watcher 45-day durable timer Relinquished ID Notice Exchanger e-sign
Reminders: Day 30 reminder · Day 40 escalation · Day 44 QI alert · Day 45 00:00 → exchange blocked if unsigned identification notice
Day 0–180

Step 6 — Sell Relinquished Property + Route Proceeds

Exchanger sells 456 Sunset Blvd ($850,000). Proceeds wire to QI escrow via escrow-wire-routing. QI officer authorizes receipt via multi-party approval. Reuses forward exchange Sales Hub workflows (no new workflows needed for this step).

Relinquished Property 456 Sunset Blvd Los Angeles CA 90028
Sale Price $850,000 Confirmed by escrow
Proceeds to QI $850,000 Wire confirmed
esign-orchestration escrow-wire-routing QI officer multi-party Exchange Agreement · Assignment
≤Day 180

Step 7 — EAT Transfer-Out

Multi-party gate — NEVER single-person

Atomic, multi-party-gated step: EAT deed transfers to exchanger, EAT loan repayment confirmed, any remaining QI escrow wired to exchanger or closing. Requires two authorized officers, proposer distinct from approver; the bank executes the wire. Value-in-place predicate must be satisfied before this step can initiate.

Pre-condition: cumulative_completed_value ≥ exchange_value AND deadline not expired. If value is not in place by Day 179, QI receives a hard-block alert and must manually clear before transfer-out proceeds.
eat-transfer-out reverse-180day-parking-watcher Value-in-place pre-condition Deed transfer · EAT loan repayment · Wire auth Two authorized officers
Transfer-out components: Deed transfer instruction (QI + exchanger sign) · EAT loan repayment confirmation (automated) · Wire authorization for any escrow remainder
Post-Transfer

Step 8 — IRS Form 8824

Form 8824 (Like-Kind Exchanges) pre-filled from exchange data. Includes adjusted basis calculation reflecting the construction improvements — the basis in the replacement property includes both the acquisition cost and qualified improvement costs. Exchanger + CPA review; QI counter-signs.

Relinquished FMV $850,000 456 Sunset Blvd, LA
Replacement + Improvements $1,300,000 $1,100,000 + $200,000 draws
Boot Recognized $0 Fully reinvested
Gain Deferred $310,000 Auto-calculated §1031(d)
form-8824-generate §1031(d) basis computation IRS Form 8824 (PDF) Exchanger + CPA + QI

All 9 Vectr Workflows

Improvement / Construction
# Workflow Trigger Human Gate Documents Type
1 eat-entity-formation Exchange created (improvement type) None (automated) SPE-LLC articles · EAT escrow · Operating agreement Det
2 eat-parking-arrangement-setup EAT deed-recorded webhook None — starts 3 timers Parking arrangement record Watch
3 eat-agreement-generate Parking setup complete Exchanger + QI e-sign QEAA Agreement · EAT loan docs Doc
4 reverse-qeaa-5day-watcher Day 0 (deed recorded) QI escalation Day 5 if unsigned Day 3 reminder · Day 5 escalation Biz-days
5 reverse-45day-relinquished-id-watcher Day 0 (deed recorded) QI alerted Day 44 Relinquished Property ID Notice Watch
6 escrow-wire-release Draw approved (multi-party) Two authorized officers per draw Draw wire confirmation Appr
7 one-eighty-day-deadline-guard Day 0 (deed recorded) Day 179 hard-block if value not certified Day 150/170 warnings · Day 179 block Value
8 eat-transfer-out Exchanger requests; an authorized officer proposes Two authorized officers — NEVER single-person Deed transfer · Loan repayment · Wire auth Appr
9 form-8824-generate EAT transfer-out completion Exchanger + CPA + QI IRS Form 8824 (PDF) Doc
  • + Step 4 Construction/Improvement — draw-tracker inserted after Purchase, before ID
  • Stronger 180-day semantic — "value in place" not just "title transferred." 180-day guard adds cumulative_completed_value predicate
  • Same deadline anchor, same 3 clocks, same relinquished-ID bodyVariant
  • Reordered spine — Purchase before Sales (reverse parking)
  • Re-anchored clocks — all 3 deadlines start at EAT deed-recorded, not at sale-close
  • ID hub is bodyVariant identify-relinquished — identifies property to SELL, not replace
  • + 3 new steps (EAT-setup, QEAA 5-day, Construction draws) + EAT transfer-out replaces standard disbursement
How an improvement exchange works

Your replacement property is already parked in the EAT. Every contractor draw is a multi-party-gated disbursement — I can show you which draws are approved and how much exchange value has been placed so far. The critical thing: all improvements must be substantially completed with value in place before Day 180. Money you spend after Day 180 doesn't count toward your exchange value, even if the work is done. I'll alert you at Day 150, Day 170, and hard-block at Day 179 if we're not on track.

Neela guides and drafts. She never moves, holds, or releases your funds — that takes multi-party approval.
Open1031 · Improvement / Construction Exchange Flow Map · Architecture Mockup · Synthetic data only — Matt Belcher, 456 Sunset Blvd, $850,000, tax ID on file (synthetic)